THE DAYAK ETHNIC GROUP

Variety of the enthnic group that live in 13.000 island in Indonesia became one of the potentials for the valuable tour high and became the attraction of the tourists, especially foreign. Because, each ethnic group had the lifestyle, art and the culture separately, among them the Dayak Ethnic Group that lived in the Borneo Island.
The Dayak ethnic group was divided into the ethnic group’s, in part: Dayak Tunjung, Dayak Bahau, Dayak Benuaq, Dayak Modang, Dayak Penihing, Dayak Busang, Dayak Muddy, Dayak Ohong, Dayak Bentian, Dayak Kenyah, Dayak Punan, Dayak Basap, and Kayan. They lived spread all over the Kalimantan corner of the island, from urban areas to the countryside in the jungle.
Like the Dayak Punan Ethnic Group that lived in the jungle all over East Kalimantan from the Bulungan area, Berau to Kutai. They lived in small groups in stone caves and trees. Whereas the Basap Ethnic Group according to the story was the descendants of chinese who married the Punan ethnic group. They lived in the Bontang subdistrict territory and Sangkulirang. The Kayan ethnic group came from Central Kalimantan, this ethnic group often was also mentioned with the Biaju ethnic group. They lived in the Long Iram area, Long Bagun and Muara Wahau of the sub district.
The Dayak ethnic group occupied the unique house that was known with the Lamin term. The Lamin from of the traditional house from each Dayak Ethic Group generally far is not different,. Lamin is usually established appeared to the side of the river. With the form of the foundation of the building take the form of rectangular. It was long that Lamin was that reached 200 meter un a wide manner between 20 and 25 meter.
In the page around Lamin was gotten measuring wood statues big that was the statue of the ancestore’s dedication (blang). Lamin had the shape of the house on stilts (Had the cellar) by making use of the roof of the form of the saddle. High the cellar was that reaced 4 meter. To rise onto Lamin was used the ladder that was made from the tree trunk that notch formed undakan and this ladder could be moved or lowered. That was meant to anticipate the threat of the enemy’s attack or the wild animal.
Initially, many families that lived in rooms inside occopied Lamin, but the habit has increasingly faded in the current period. The front, took the form of the functioning long veranda as the place of the implementation of the marriage ceremony, gave birth, the death, the party, etc. of the harvest. Behind this veranda was gotten the big row of rooms. 5 head of household occopied each room.
Lamin the noble’s residence and the head of the tradition usually are full of decorations or beautiful carved from the pole, the wall to the peak of the roof. The ornament to the peak of the roof was that stuck up trough to 3 or 4 meter. The Lamin wall of property or the head of the tradition of the noble was made from the plank, where as Lamin belonging to the normal community was only made from bark. The Dayak ethnic group had various musical intrument, both took the form of the musical intrument reaped, struck and blew. In the everyday life of the musical intrument also was utilized by intentions as well as the worship and praised to that had the power, was good towards spirits and human.
The Implement Musik
The Dayak Ethnic Group had the special characteristics in the musical field. The famous musical intrument, among them : Gendang, Genikng ( the big gong was made dependent like the Gong in Java), Gong ( the musical instrument from the round iron of the diameter 50-60 cm). Glunikng ( the musical instrument was made from ulin wood resembled saron in Java), Jatung Tutup ( the big drum measuring 3 meter the diameter 50 cm), Jatung Ulang ( the mul inssicatrument from wood that had the shape of Gambang had 12 key ).
Kadire ( the wind instrument was made from pelapah the stick of bananas and had 5 bamboo pipes tat were read out by making a fool of air to the cavity in the mouth to produce the voice dengung ), Klentangan ( the musical instrument struck consisted six small gongs were compiled according to the tone like bonang in Java). Sampe ( a kind of string guitar totalled 3 or 4 wit the decoration or ukiran specific the Dayak ethnic group), Suliikng ( the wind instrument that was made from Bamboo). Taraai ( the small gong that was hung ), Uding or Uring ( one kecapi that was made from bamboo or the stick of coconut like genggong in Bali or Karinding West Java.
Dance
Dance art that was had by the Dayak ethnic group very beautiful and captured, like Gantar Dance, the dance that depicted the movement of the person buried rice. The stick depicted the pounder’s wood whereas bamboo as well as the seeds inside depicted the rice seed and his forum. This dance quite famous and often was served in the guest reception and the other agendas. This dance was not only known by the Dayak Tunjung ethnic group but also was known by Dayak Benuaq ethnic group. This dance could be divided into three versions that is the Gantar Rayatn dance, the Gantar Busai and the Gantar Kusak.
- Kancet Papatai Dance/the war dance, this dance told all about a Dayak Kenyah hero waged war against his enemy. This movement of the dance was very lively, agile, was full of the spirit and sometimes had taken part in by the scream of the dancer. In the Kancet Pepatay dance, the dancer utilised traditional clothes of the Dayak Kenyah etnhic group was equipped with the war like the sword, the shield and battledress. This dance was accompanied with the song of the Sack of the nail and only made use of the musical instrument until.
- Kancet Ledo Dance/the Gong Dance, the dance that depicted a girl like rice that sway soft was blown by the wind. This dance was brought by a women by using traditional clothes of the Dayak Kenyah ethnic group and to his two hands held the enggang series of birds tail feathers. Usually this dance is danced on a gong, so as Kanced Ledo was acknowledged also as the Gong Dance.
- Kancet Lasem Dance, the dance that depicted the everyday life of Enggang birds, birds that were honored by the Dayak Kenyah ethnic group because of being regarded as the sign and heroism of grandeur.
- Leleng Dance, this dance told how a girl was named the along forest that wiil be combined forcibly by his parents with the young man who was not loved by him. The Along forest had finally escaped into the forest. This Dayak Kenyah dance of the ethnic group’s girl was danced by being accomppanied the Leleng song.
- Hudoq Dance, this dance receive the strength in overcoming the disturbance of the pest of the crop vandal and hope for was given by the fertility so that the yield many. The dancer made use of the wood mask that resembled the wild animal as well as made use of the bananas leaves or the coconut leaves as the cover of the dancer’s body.
- Hudoq Kita Dance, the dance for the ceremony welcomed the year planted and extend gratitude to the god who gave the good yield.
- Serumpai Dance of the ethnic group’s Dayak Benuaq dance was carried out to refuse the plague of illness and treat and the person who was bitten by the mad dog. Mentioned the Serumpai dance was because of the dance accompanied the Serumpai musical instrument (a kind of bamboo flute).
- Belian Bawo Dance in the Belian Bawo Ceremony aimed at refusing the illness, treated the person was sick, paid the eagle et cetera. After being changed in to the dance, this dance was often served in the agendas and the other artistic agenda of thr guest recipient. This dance was ethnic group’s Dayak Benuaq dance.
- Kuyang Dance a Belian dance from the Dayak Benuaq ethnic group to expel ghosts who guarded big tress and high in order to not disturb humankind or the person that cut down this tree.
- The Dance Pecuk this dance Quinine depicted the Dayak Kenyah move of the ethnic group that moved from the Apo Kayan area (Kab. Bulungan) to the area Long Fresh (Kab. Kutai West) that took up time for years.
- Datun Dance was the dance with the ethnic group’s Dayak Kenyah girl with the number must not, might 10 as far as 20 people.
- Ngerangkau Dance was the traditional dance in the matter of the deathfrom the Dayak Tunjung ethnic group and Benuaq.
This dance utilised the equipment of the rice pounder that was pound in an orderly fashion in the horizontal position so as to cause the certain rhythm.
-Baraga Bagantar Dance, initially Baraga Bagantar was the diamond ceremony to treat the baby by requesting help from Nayun Gantar. Now the Dayak Benuaq ethnic group arranges this cerremony to a dance.
SCULPTURE & STATUE
The Dayak Sculpture of the ethnic Group’s statue quite unique, took the pattern and the motive of nature like plants, the animal as well as forms that they believed as the spirit from gods, for example Naang Brang, the Lih Pen, Deing Wung Loh, et cetera. Because of that statue functioned as:
a. Ajimat statue, was made by wood that it was considered to refuse the illness or cured the person was sick.
b. Completeness of the Ceremoney Statue was the small statue was made from wood, bamboo or sticky rice flour for equipmentof the traditional ceremony like pelas the year, kuangkai, and the other party of the tradition.
c. Statue of the Ceremony Implement, for example to be the statue blontang that was made from ulin wood is as high as 2-4 meter his underside was planted 1 meter.
HANDICRAFT
Some Dayak result of the ethnic Group’s handicraft that quite beautiful and interesting, in part:
1. Perisai/Kelembit, the defence implement in warfare was, made from minor wood be not easy to break. The front was decorated ukiran made use of the black colour white. The motive that was used, that is: Enggang (the Tebengaang Necklace), the Dragon/the Dog (the Aso Necklace) and the Mask (the Undo Necklace).
2. Ulap Doyo, was clothe from leaves fibre doyo this was results of diligence that only were made by the ethnic group’s Dayak Benuaq Women lived in the Isuy the Cape. The corp doyo, resembled pandanus was gotten in the Isuy Cape. His leaves fibre was strong and could be made the thread wove. Fabric cloth was made clothes, the cap or the wall decoration.
3. Anjat, was the implement have the shape of like the bag that was made from the rattan cane work and had two or three sangkutan. Anjat is usually used to place loads when going on a trip.
4. Bening Aban, was the implementto carry the child that only was met to the ethnic group’s Dayak Kenyah community. This implement was made from wood that usually is illustrated with ukiran or was covered with the beads embroidery as well as coins.
5. Sumpitan, was the normal implement was use to go hunting or wage war that was known by almost all the Dayak ethnic group in Kalimantan. This implement was made from wood ulin or the like that had the shape of the long stick that was given the small hole to put the blowpipe child. The Sumpitan was supplemented with a spear eye that was tied close on the end but also was supplemented with the blowpipe child as well as his forum (a magnifying glass).
6. Seraung, was the wide hat was used to work in the paddy-field. But, currently often was processed seraung-seraung the small measurement for the domestic decoration.
7. Mandau, was the traditional weapon specific the Dayak Ethnic Group that resembled the sword was made from the iron with the hundle from wood or bones. Before the oroduction was presceeded ritual the tradition.
8. Manik, was spesific beads diligence of the Dayak Ethnic Group was made clothes, the hat decoration /seraung and clear aban.